| Cabugao | |
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| — Municipality — | |
| Map of Ilocos Sur showing the location of Cabugao. | |
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Cabugao
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| Coordinates: | |
| Country | Philippines |
| Region | Ilocos Region (Region I) |
| Province | Ilocos Sur |
| District | 1st District |
| Founded | 1781 |
| Barangays | 33 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Edgardo "Ediboy" S. Cobangbang, Jr. |
| Area | |
| • Total | 95.56 km2 (36.9 sq mi) |
| Population (2007) | |
| • Total | 33,847 |
| • Density | 354.2/km2 (917.4/sq mi) |
| Time zone | PST (UTC+8) |
| ZIP code | 2732 |
| Income class | 2nd class |
| Population Census of Cabugao | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | Rate | |
| 1995 | 28,567 |
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| 2000 | 31,459 | 2.09% | |
| 2007 | 33,847 | 1.01% | |
Cabugao is a 1st class municipality in the province of Ilocos Sur, Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a population of 33,847 people in 6,268 households.
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The municipality of Cabugao is composed of thirty-three (33) barangays, four (4) in the poblacion and twenty-nine (29) in the rural areas. There are ninety-four (94) sitios.
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In the beginning, the place was only a wilderness, a thick forest where peaceful nomadic tribesman roamed and hunted. For fish, which were also abundant, there was a river. On these occasional visits, the hunters noticed the fertile and flatlands that can be tilled and they decided to stay. They were the first settlers.
As to how the name of the town evolved, there are interesting legends transmitted through generations.
Some claimed that during the pre-Hispanic regime, there were also numerous uncivilized warring tribes. Kabu Angaw, a man with a good sense of humor headed one such tribe. In an inter-tribal rivalry, Kabu Angaw suffered defeat forcing him and his remaining warriors to move southward until they reached the village where the friendly and hospitable nomads settled. Kabu Angaw’s natural carefree manners and ability to relate entertaining stories endeared him to the settlers especially the young. His fairness and righteousness earned him respect and esteem, eventually making him as the village chieftain. His leadership became legendary so much that his people were referred to as “ taga Kabu Angaw”. When he died, the villagers deeply mourned on such a great loss.
On the other hand, some assert that the village by the river was ruled by a certain Aggao. When the Spaniards arrived, his subjects called him “Cabo Aggao” meant chief. Finding difficulty in pronouncing the headman’s name, the Spaniards contracted it to “ Cabugao” denoting not only the ruler but also the place he ruled.
As time passed, Kabu Angaw or Cabogao was transformed into Cabugao.
Cabugao is 423 kilometers north of Manila, an 8-hour destination from the metropolis. It is accessible to almost all modes of land transportation and a 7–kilometer portion of the MacArthur Highway passes through the town center.
Its total land area is approximately 100 km2. It is the second northernmost town of the province of Ilocos Sur.
It is bounded on the north by Sinait; on the south by San Juan (formerly Lapog); on the east by Nueva Era, Ilocos Norte; and on the west by the South China Sea.
Cabugao is approximately 27 km from the Vigan City, the capital of the province; 55 km from Laoag City (Ilocos Norte); 180 km from the San Fernando City, La Union, the regional center.
The climate of Cabugao is arid, characterized by two (2) well-pronounced seasons; dry and wet. Dry season is usually experienced from November to April; while wet (rainy) season starts in May until October. Occasional rainfall also occurs at the onset of the dry season caused by the northeast monsoon passing through the region. The town is naturally shielded from the trade winds by the Cordillera Mountain Ranges. In the middle of May, drift winds from the Pacific Ocean sweep over the area, signaling the imminent wet season. Typhoons and tropical depressions bring about abundant rain during the months of July to September.
Temperature ranges from 21.6°C to 34.7°C or a minimum temperature of 23.9°C and a 31.9°C maximum. Relative humidity is 87.3.
People are primarily engaged in farming and fishing. Cabugao, with its big poblacion, is one of the most urbanized towns in the province.
While it is true that many natives of the town have gone to greener pastures in other parts of the country and abroad, the number of migrants has been offset by the number of immigrants – Pangasinenses, Bataguenos, Kapampangans and Maranaos who have come for trade and commerce and have stayed here for good.
People’s organizations and non-government organizations are active in the municipality responding to the needs of the community.
The people of Cabugao are deeply religious. Majority belongs to the Roman Catholic Church while a sizeable number belong to other religions such as the Iglesia Filipina Independiente, Iglesia ni Cristo, various Protestants groups, the Church of Jesus the Latter Day Saints, and Islam.
Cabugao has 26 public elementary schools and private primary schools, 3 public high schools, 1 private high school.
The first data on population of the Municipality of Cabugao, Ilocos Sur was recorded on March 2, 1903 reflecting 8,848 residents. This number steadily increased to 28,033 in May 1990 and 28,567 on September 1, 1995. The biggest increase was on December 31, 1918 with 3,754; on May 1, 1990 with 3,609; and on February 15, 1960 with 2,969. The lowest was 534 between May 1, 1990 and September 1, 1995 intersensal period.
Likewise, let it be noted that as of CY 1995, Cabugao Claims 5.32% of the 545,385 population of the Province of Ilocos Sur, 0.75% of Region I’s 3,803,890; and 0.04% of the Philippines’ 68,614,162 population.
Cabugao is bounded on the east by the Cordillera mountain range and has abundant spring resources that can be harnessed for adequate supply of water, not only for household use but for irrigation purposes, too.
The Cordillera mountain range stand stately on the eastern part of the town. Hills are located in all the four corners of the municipality. There is also the Salomague Island that stands majestically off Barangay Sabang. The three water resources of the municipality which supply safe drinking water to the poblacion and thirteen (13) other barangays are located within the Cordillera mountain range.
The Cabugao River is the only big river that cuts across the town. Two big tributaries come from the eastern portion of the municipality. Sitio Caset in Maradodon and Gaco in Barangay Cacadiran.
The barangays that lie along the Cabugao River are flood prone areas during the rainy season. The uncontrollable surges of water erode the properties that line the Cabugao River endangering life and limb. The creek that runs thru the poblacion easily clogs up in rain causing portions near it to be inundated.
Pug-os
Salomague
Dardarat
Sabang
Salapasap
Namruangan
Daclapan
Saint Mark the Evangelist Parish Church
Old Cabugao Public Market
Municipal Government Center
Northern Ilocos Sur Trade Center (NISTC)
Historic Hills and Mountains
Springs and Waterfalls
Cabugao River
Town Fiesta
Cultural Gems
Kawayan: Strength and Beauty of Cabugao
The first election in Cabugao after World War II was held on the second Tuesday of November, 1947. Pitted against each other for the mayoralty race were Severo corpus of the Nacionalista Party and Jesus Serna of the Liberal party. Severo Corpuz won but his running mate, Agustin Castillo, lost to Jose Azcueta. Jesus Serna’s vice-mayoralty candidate. Elected councilors were Crescencio S. Azcueta, Aniceto Savella, Justo Savella, Angel Sonico 2nd, Pedro Suero and Patricio Braceros. In those days, Cabugao was entitled to only 6 councilors. They all would be serving a term of 4 years.
In the November 1951 election, Cabugao witnessed q 3-cornered fight for mayor. The candidates were Simeon A. Soller who was the official LP candidate, Jose Azcueta who ran as an Independent, and Lucio Zabala who is the official NP candidate. Simeon Soller bested his rivals while Aniceto Savella topped the vice-moyoralty race. For the first time, Cabugao elected 8 councilors. They were Angel Sonico 2nd , E. Pacifico Sison, Fermin Castillo, Jovencio Somera, Jose Simbe, Santos Sabio, Mariano Rocero and Juan Sonido.
A return bout between Mayor Soller and Lucio Zabala came in the November, 1955 election. Jose Azcueta, the second placer in the 1951election had joined forces with the mayor and they were many who predicted that Mayor Soller would be reelected. They were wrong. Lucio Zabala won, together with his running mate, Santos Sabio. The winning councilors were Miguel Parana, Angel Sonico 2nd, Pedro Sistoza, Constante Sabio, Maria Segui, Felipe Tisbe, Lucio Sajor and Agrifino Cobangbang.
In July, 1959, mayor Zabala and his wife, Petra Serna Zabala, were murdered while taking supper in their house at Barangay Bonifacio. They had just taken their places at the places at the dining table when two masked gunmen wearing raincoats entered and fired at them with automatic weapons at point-blank range. Vice-Mayor Santos Sabio assumed the mayorship and served the remainder of the dead mayor’s term.
The November 1959 election was coming up. In August of that year, a convention was held at the residence of Ex-Mayor Simeon Soller to pick the candidates of the liberal party. Victorino A. Savellano, a young and brilliant lawyer, won the nomination and became the party’s official candidate for mayor. Picked as his running mate was Angel Sonico 2nd, a grizzled veteran of local politics who has been a member of the municipal council since pre-war days.
On the Nacionalista side, Salustiano Savella, Vic Savellano’s 2nd degree cousin, was named the party’s official candidate for mayor. His running mate was Wilfredo Zabala, eldest child of the slain mayor.
From the beginning, it was an uphill fight for the Liberals. The Nacionalistas were in power, and all the forces, money and facilities of the national administration were brought to bear against them. But the Liberals had a superb organization and they carried the fight to the remote barrios, going house to house and holding rallies in places where many of them have never been before. Their efforts paid off. Vic Savellano won by a margin of 100 votes over Salustiano Savella. But his running mate, Angel Sonico 2nd, lost to Wilfredo Zabala, receiving 2,620 votes against the latter’s 2,625. Four candidates for councilor in Vic Savellano’s line-up also won. They were E. Pacifico Sison, Frank Giner, Francisco G, Soller and Aniceto Savella. The winners in Salustiano Savella’s line-up were Hilario Gazmen. Teofilo Serrano, Mariano Rocero and Rodolfo Sonido. The newly elected officials were inauguration on January 1, 1960.
Mayor Savellano ran for re-election as official LP candidate in November 1963, with angel Sonico as his running mate. Pitted against them were the officials NP candidates for mayor and vice-mayor – lawyer Higinio F. Soller and Pacifico P. Apostol, a doctor of medicine. Victorino Savellano was re-elected, receiving 3.755 votes against Higinio Soller’s 2,257. Angel Sonico lost to Pacifico Apostol, garnering 2,139 votes against the latter’s 2,813. In the race for councilors, the score was 6 to 2 favor of the LPs. The winners were Alberto Soller (LP), Tomas Vallejo (LP), Rodolfo Sonico (NP), Basilio Morales (LP), Aniceto Savella (LP), Cesario Garcia (LP) Juan Apparri (LP) and Hilario Gazmen (NP).
The defection of Senate President Ferdinand Marcos to the Nacionalista Party as a result of his feud with President Diosdado Macapagal prompted changes in the local politician scene. His loyal followers also became NPs and the original NPs became LPs.
Mayor Savellano ran for a 3rd term in the November 1967 election this time as official candidate of the Nacionalista Party, with Alberto Soller as his running mate. The LPs put up Vice-Mayor Pacifico Apostol as their official candidate for mayor, with Aniceto Savella as running mate. Mayor Savellano and Alberto Soller won. Elected councilors were Fermin Sumagit, Gregorio Pula, Tomas Vallejo, Rodolfo Sonido, Teolifo Serrano, Basilio Morales, Cesario Garcia and Victoriano Castillo. They were formally inaugurated on January 1, 1968.
Later that same year, mayor Savellano was appointed judge of the Court of First Instance of Sanchez Mira, Cagayan. By operation of law, Vice-Mayor Alberto Soller assumed the mayorship and served the remaining portion of his predecessor’s 4-year term that would expire on December 31, 1971. No. 1 councilor Fermin Sumagit assumed the vice-mayorship. All the other councilors went up the ladder leaving the No. 8 position vacant. Appointed to fill the vacant position was Mrs. Virginia B. Savellano.
The November 1971 election saw Pacifico Apostol of the Liberal Party and Simeon Soller of the Nacionalista Party fighting for the mayorship of Cabugao. Apostol won, garnering 3,184 votes against Simeon Soller’s 2,869. Apostol’s running mate, lawyer Ernesto S. Somera, also bested Simeon Soller’s running mate, Felix Savellano, receiving 4,092 votes against the latter’s 1,844. But of Apostol’s 8 candidates for councilor, only two made it – Aniceto Savella and Victoriano Ramos. On Atty. Sollers’s side, the winners were Cesar Soller, Gregorio Pula, Filemon Sison, Froilan Rosario and Cesario Garcia. Also in the winners' circle was independent candidate Maximina Sonico.
The newly elected municipal officials were sworn into office on January 1, 1972. The inaugural program took place at the town auditorium. Outgoing Mayor Alberto Soller was absent. It was Vice-Mayor Fermin Sumagit who performed the symbolic rite of turning over the municipal administration to incoming Mayor Pacifico Apostol. The “pabunar” was separate. The LPs had theirs at the residence of Mayor Apostol. That of the NP's took place at the residence of Atty. Simeon Soller.
The first year of the Apostol administration was marred by a violent incident that happened during the town fiesta. On coronation night, April 24, 1972, criminal elements lobbed two fragmentation grenades into the crowded auditorium killing and injuring hundreds of innocent people. In September of that same year, President Marcos declared martial law.
This unexpected move by the president had a sobering effect on the nation. For once, tumultuous rallies investigated by political troublemakers stopped. Criminal elements began to lie low more so when a notorious drug lord was executed by firing squad in Camp Crame. In Cabugao and other towns, illegal possessors hastily surrendered their firearms to the authorities when the call was made for them to do so. The political goons ceased in their nefarious activities. The improved peace and order situation that came prompted the people to welcome martial law.
On February 27, 1975, a national referendum was held for the people to answer the following question: On Local Officials, at the expiration of the terms of office of your local elective officials on December 31, 1975, how do you want their successors chosen? To be appointed by the President or elected in accordance with the Election Code? A big majority opted for appointment by the President. On Martial Law – 1. Do you approve of the manner President Marcos has been exercising his powers under Martial Law and the Constitution? 2. Do you want the President to continue exercising the same power? To both questions, the majority answered in the affirmative. There was no election in 1975. Local officials continued serving by executive fiat.
The first election after the proclamation of martial law was held on January 30. 1980 with Mayor Apostol running for re-election under the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL) banner. His line-up included Dr. Crescencio S. Azcueta Sr. for vice-mayor and the following for councilor: Felix Braceros, Cesario Garcia, Carlito S. Pano, Gregorio Pula, Benjamin Santella Jr., Jose Sesuca, Leandro Serrano and Nemesio Sonido. His rivals for the mayorship were Atty. Simeon Soller and Helen Soller Lazo, both running under the NP banner. Atty. Soller’s running mate was Jeremy Seguban and there were 5 candidates for councilor in their line-up, namely, Andrea Soller-Tan, Fermin Castillo, Crisanto Soller, Jesus Sonido and Jovencio Somera. Helen Soller Lazo adopted Dr. Azcueta as her vice-mayoralty candidate and had only 4 candidates for councilor. They were Harry Segui, Romulo Castro, Modesto Vallejo and Teofilo Sunio. Mayor Apostol and his teammates won, with Benjamin Santella Jr. coming out as No. 1 councilor. They were included into office on March 3, 1980. Under the new law, they would be holding office for 6 years.
On November 25, 1980, Mayor Pacifico Apostol left for the United States with Dr. Francisco G. Soller to seek the support of the stateside Cabugaenians in the construction of the Cabugao Cultural Center. On January 3, 1981, while in San Jose, California, he succumbed to heart attack. He was only 53. His remains were brought back to Cabugao for interment. By operation of law, Vice-Mayor Azcueta assumed the mayorship.
The toppling of President Ferdinand Marcos in 1986 as a result of the first EDSA Revolution and the subsequent installation of Corazon Aquino as his replacement had nationwide repercussions. Not long after she assumed the presidency, Aquino started appointing Officers-in-Charge (OIC's) to replace incumbent governors and mayor who were not to her liking. Andrea Soller-Tan was designated OIC of Cabugao and in October of that same year, she replaced Mayor Crescencio S. Azcueta.
The first local election after the EDSA Revolution was held on January 18, 1988. The protagonists for the mayorship of Cabugao were Andrea Soller Tan and Francisco A. Savellano. There were three candidates for vice-mayor: Benedicto S. Azcueta, Benjamin B. Santella Jr. and Crescencio S. Sumagit. Andrea Soller-Tan bested Francisco Savellano, garnering 5,843 votes against the latter’s 5,684. Benjamin B. Santella, Jr. won the vice-mayorship, obtaining 5,414 votes against Banny Azcueta’s 3,608 and Crescencio Sumagit’s 2,224. The 8 duly elected councilors, according to rank, were Danilo Gazmen, Rodolfo S. Alambat Jr., Nora C. Lopez, Harry Segui, Simeon Serrano, Genara Baclig, Gregorio Pula and Leandro Serrano. Under the law then existing, they would be serving a term of 4 years.
The May 11, 1992 election saw a return bout between Andrea Soller-Tan and Francisco Savellano. Their respective running mates were Danilo Gazmen and Carlito S. Pano. Amado Naval ran as an independent candidate for vice-mayor. Andrea Soller-Tan and Danilo Gazmen won. The winning councilors or members of the Sangguniang Bayan were: Crescencio S. Azcueta Jr., Ferdinand Julio R. Trinidad, Rodolfo S. Alambat Jr., Ricardo S. Somera, Bienvenido S. Santella, Edmund S. Sonico, Carlos V. Sison and Genera C. Baclig. They assumed office on June 30, 1992. Their terms would end on June 30, 1995.
Andrea Soller-Tan ran for a third term in the May 8, 1995 election with Danny Gazmen again as her running mate. Danny was the only candidate for vice-mayor and this election, her opponent was again Francisco Savellano who had no running mate. Dely and Danny won, together with the following candidates for the Municipal Council or Sangguniang Bayan : Ferdinand Julio R. Trinidad, Crescencio S. Azcueta Jr., Bienvenido S. Santella, Ricardo S. Somera, Rodolfo S. Alambat Jr., Edmund Sonico, Carlos Sison and Genara Baclig. They assumed office on June 30, 1995. Their terms ended on June 30, 1998.
Came the May 11, 1998 election. Andrea Soller-Tan having already served 3 successive terms, could no longer run for re-election. This time, the town witnessed a 4-cornered fight for the mayorship. The candidates were Bendell Soller-Tan (son of the then outgoing mayor), Benjamin "Dito" B. Santella Jr., Francisco Savellano and Pedro S. Tan. There were only two candidates for vice-mayor. They were Danilo Gazmen who was teamed with Bendell, and Rex Augustus S. Morales who was Dito Santella’s running mate. Bendell and Danny came out winners. The winning candidates for the Sangguniang Bayan were Helen S. Lazo, Ferdinand Julio Trinidad, Luciamar S. Pano. Josefina S. Vallejo, Bienvenido Santella, Maria Jara Serrano, Ricardo Somera and Carlos Sison. They assumed office on June 30, 1998. Their terms would expire on June 30, 2001.
The May 14, 2001 election saw Helen Soller Lazo, Andrea Soller-Tan and Diocaesar S. Suero contesting the mayorship. Their respective running mates were Ferdinand Julio Trinidad, Francisco Savellano and Rex Augustus S. Morales. Diocaesar S. Suero and Rex Augustus Morales bested their rivals. The following won as members of the Sangguniang Bayan: Danilo Gazmen, Josefina Vallejo, Dodjie Santella, Jessie Pat Serna, Rodrigo Sandi, Thaddeus Soller, Noel Sivila and Luciamar S. Pano. They took their oaths on June 30, 2001. They held office until June 30, 2004.